Heat Recovery Steam Generators
We provide "turnkey" products and services which includes heat recovery steam generators and other waste heat recovery solutions. We provide Demand Side Management design and project development solutions that may provide a return on investment in less than 12 months. We also offer energy-saving technologies that may include; Absorption Chillers, Adsorption Chillers, Automated Demand Response, Cogeneration, Demand Response Programs, Demand Side Management, Energy Master Planning, Engine Driven Chillers, Trigeneration and Energy Conservation Measures. Our specialties include Cooler, Cleaner, Greener Power & Energy Solutions project development services that are Kyoto Protocol compliant and generate clean energy and significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Unlike most companies, we are equipment supplier/vendor neutral. This means we help our clients select the best equipment for their specific application. This approach provides our customers with superior performance, decreased operating expenses and increased return on investment. Cogeneration Technologies provides project development services that generate clean energy and significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide emissions. Included in this are our turnkey "ecogeneration" products and services which includes renewable energy technologies, waste to energy, waste to watts and waste heat recovery solutions. Other project development technologies include; Anaerobic Digester, Anaerobic Lagoon, Biogas Recovery, BioMethane, Biomass Gasification, and Landfill Gas To Energy, project development services. Unlike
most companies, we are equipment supplier/vendor neutral. This means we
help our clients select the best equipment for their specific application.
This approach provides our customers with superior performance, decreased
operating expenses and increased return on investment.
We are Renewable Energy Technologies specialists and develop clean power and energy projects that will generate a "Renewable Energy Credit," Carbon Dioxide Credits and Emission Reduction Credits. Some of our products and services solutions and technologies include; Absorption Chillers, Adsorption Chillers, Automated Demand Response, Biodiesel Refineries, Biofuel Refineries, Biomass Gasification, BioMethane, Canola Biodiesel, Coconut Biodiesel, Cogeneration, Concentrating Solar Power, Demand Response Programs, Demand Side Management, Energy Conservation Measures, Energy Master Planning, Engine Driven Chillers, Geothermal Heatpumps, Groundsource Heatpumps, Solar CHP, Solar Cogeneration, Rapeseed Biodiesel, Solar Electric Heat Pumps, Solar Electric Power Systems, Solar Heating and Cooling, Solar Trigeneration, Soy Biodiesel, Trigeneration, and Watersource Heatpumps. Unlike
most companies, we are equipment supplier/vendor neutral. This means we
help our clients select the best equipment for their specific application.
This approach provides our customers with superior performance, decreased
operating expenses and increased return on investment. Heat Recovery Steam Generators What is a Heat Recovery Steam Generator? Heat Recovery Steam Generators, or
"HRSG" - are, in essence, boilers that captures or recovers the
exhaust of a prime mover such as a combustion turbine, natural gas or
diesel engine to create steam. Stated another way, a HRSG is used to
recover energy from the hot exhaust gases in power generation. It is a
bank of tubes that is mounted in the exhaust stack. Exhaust gases as much
as 800 °F to 1200 °F heat these tubes. Water is pumped and circulated
through the tubes and can be held under high pressure to temperatures of
370°F or higher which can be boiled to produce steam. Furthermore, the
HRSG separates the caustic compounds in the flue gases from the occupants
and equipment that use the waste heat. HRSG's are found in may
combined cycle power plants. Waste Heat Boilers Waste heat boilers may be horizontal or vertical shell
boilers or water tube boilers. They would be designed to suit individual
applications ranging through gases from furnaces, incinerators, gas
turbines and diesel exhausts. * Boiler Economizers A boiler economizer is a
device that reduces the overall fuel requirements a boiler requires which
results in reduced fuel costs as well as fewer emissions - since the
boiler now operates at a much higher efficiency. Boiler economizers
recover the "waste heat" from the boiler's hot stack gas from
transfers this waste heat to the boiler's feed-water. Because the boiler
feed-water is now at a higher temperature that it would have been without
a boiler economizer, the boiler does not need to provide as much
additional heating to produce the steam requirements of a facility
or process, thereby using less fuel and reducing the fuel expenses. Boiler
economizers also help improve a boiler's efficiency by extracting heat
from the flue gases discharged from the final super-heater section of a
radiant/reheat unit or the evaporative bank of a non-reheat boiler. Heat
is transferred, again, back to the boiler feed-water, which enters at a
much lower temperature than saturated steam. Many industrial processes
generate large amounts of waste energy that simply pass out of plant
stacks and into the atmosphere or are otherwise lost. Most industrial
waste heat streams are liquid, gaseous, or a combination of the two and
have temperatures from slightly above ambient to over 2000 degrees F.
Stack exhaust losses are inherent in all fuel-fired processes and increase
with the exhaust temperature and the amount of excess air the exhaust
contains. At stack gas temperatures greater than 1000 degrees F, the heat
going up the stack is likely to be the single biggest loss in the process.
Above 1800 degrees F, stack losses will consume at least half of the total
fuel input to the process. Yet, the energy that is recovered from waste
heat streams could displace part or all of the energy input needs for a
unit operation within a plant. Therefore, waste heat recovery offers a
great opportunity to productively use this energy, reducing overall plant
energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Common methods of
recovering heat include direct heat recovery to the process, recuperators/regenerators,
and waste heat boilers. Unfortunately, the economic benefits of waste heat
recovery do not justify the cost of these systems in every application.
For example, heat recovery from lower temperature waste streams (e.g., hot
water or low-temperature flue gas) is thermodynamically limited. Equipment
fouling, occurring during the handling of “dirty” waste streams, is
another barrier to more widespread use of heat recovery systems.
Innovative, affordable waste heat recovery methods that are
ultra-efficient, are applicable to low-temperature streams, or are
suitable for use with corrosive or “dirty” wastes could expand the
number of viable applications of waste heat recovery, as well as improve
the performance of existing applications. Low-Temperature
Waste Heat Recovery Methods – A large amount of energy in the form of
medium- to low-temperature gases or low-temperature liquids (less than
about 250 degrees F) is released from process heating equipment, and much
of this energy is wasted. In most cogeneration and trigeneration power and energy systems, the exhaust gas from the electric generation equipment is ducted to a heat exchanger to recover the thermal energy in the gas. These heat exchangers are air-to-water heat exchangers, where the exhaust gas flows over some form of tube and fin heat exchange surface and the heat from the exhaust gas is transferred to make hot water or steam. The hot water or steam is then used to provide hot water or steam heating and/or to operate thermally activated equipment, such as an absorption chiller for cooling or a desiccant dehumidifer for dehumidification. Many of the waste heat recovery technologies used in building co/trigeneration systems require hot water, some at moderate pressures of 15 to 150 psig. In the cases where additional steam or pressurized hot water is needed, it may be necessary to provide supplemental heat to the exhaust gas with a duct burner. In some applications air-to-air heat exchangers can be used. In other instances, if the emissions from the generation equipment are low enough, such as is with many of the microturbine technologies, the hot exhaust gases can be mixed with make-up air and vented directly into the heating system for building heating. In the majority of installations, a flapper damper or "diverter" is employed to vary flow across the heat transfer surfaces of the heat exchanger to maintain a specific design temperature of the hot water or steam generation rate. Typical Waste
Heat Recovery Installation In some co/trigeneration designs, the exhaust gases can be used to activate a thermal wheel or a desiccant dehumidifier. Thermal wheels use the exhaust gas to heat a wheel with a medium that absorbs the heat and then transfers the heat when the wheel is rotated into the incoming airflow. A professional engineer should be involved in designing and sizing of the waste heat recovery section. For a proper and economical operation, the design of the heat recovery section involves consideration of many related factors, such as the thermal capacity of the exhaust gases, the exhaust flow rate, the sizing and type of heat exchanger, and the desired parameters over a various range of operating conditions of the co/trigeneration system — all of which need to be considered for proper and economical operation. For more information on Heat Recovery Steam Generators call us at: 832-758-0027 * From the Department of Energy website with permission |
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Cogeneration Technologies |
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