Publicly Owned Treatment Works

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Publicly Owned Treatment Works
www.PubliclyOwnedTreatmentWorks.com

Renewable Energy Technologies provides products and services relating to the biomethane produced from Publicly Owned Treatment Works in partnership with our strategic partners.

Cooler, Cleaner, Greener Power & Energy Solutions project development services are one of our specialties. These projects are Kyoto Protocol compliant and generate clean energy and significantly fewer greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike most companies, we are equipment supplier/vendor neutral. This means we help our clients select the best equipment for their specific application. This approach provides our customers with superior performance, decreased operating expenses and increased return on investment.

Renewable Energy Technologies provides project development services that generate clean energy and significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide emissions. Included in this are our turnkey "ecogeneration" products and services which includes renewable energy technologies, waste to energy, waste to watts and waste heat recovery solutions. Other project development technologies include; Anaerobic Digester, Anaerobic Lagoon, Biogas Recovery, BioMethane, Biomass Gasification, and Landfill Gas To Energy, project development services.

Products and services provided by Renewable Energy Technologies includes the following power and energy project development services:

Project Engineering Feasibility & Economic Analysis Studies
Engineering, Procurement and Construction
Environmental Engineering & Permitting
Project Funding & Financing Options; including Equity Investment, Debt Financing, Lease and Municipal Lease
Shared/Guaranteed Savings Program with No Capital Investment from Qualified Clients
Project Commissioning
3rd Party Ownership and Project Development
Long-term Service Agreements
Operations & Maintenance
Green Tag (Renewable Energy Credit, Carbon Dioxide Credits, Emission Reduction Credits) Brokerage Services; Application and Permitting

For more information: call us at: 832-758-0027

We are Renewable Energy Technologies specialists and develop clean power and energy projects that will generate a "Renewable Energy Credit," Carbon Dioxide Credits and Emission Reduction Credits. Some of our products and services solutions and technologies include; Absorption Chillers, Adsorption Chillers, Automated Demand Response, Biodiesel Refineries, Biofuel Refineries, Biomass Gasification, BioMethane, Canola Biodiesel, Coconut Biodiesel, Cogeneration, Concentrating Solar Power, Demand Response Programs, Demand Side Management, Energy Conservation Measures, Energy Master Planning, Engine Driven Chillers, Geothermal Heatpumps, Groundsource Heatpumps, Solar CHP, Solar Cogeneration, Rapeseed Biodiesel, Solar Electric Heat Pumps, Solar Electric Power Systems, Solar Heating and Cooling, Solar Trigeneration, Soy Biodiesel, Trigeneration, and Watersource Heatpumps.

What Are Publicly Owned Treatment Works?

Cities and municipalities are facing greater environmental compliance issues relating to their municipally-owned, Publicly Owned Treatment Works ("POTW's") or Wastewater Treatment Systems. A city's POTW provides an excellent opportunity for cities to reduce their emissions as well as provide an additional revenue stream, These facilities may have valuable gases that our company recovers and pipes to one of our clean, environmentally-friendly cogeneration or trigeneration energy systems. We solve a city's environmental liabilities (air emissions) and provide a new cash flow simultaneously. We offer turn-key solutions for cities that includes the preliminary feasibility analysis, engineering and design, project management, permitting and commissioning. We provide very attractive financing packages for cities that does not add to a city's liability, yet provides a valuable new revenue stream. And, we are also able to offer a turn-key solution for qualified municipalities that includes our company owning, operating and maintaining the onsite power and energy plant.

At the heart of the system is a Flare Gas Recovery or Vapor Recovery Unit. Flare Gas Recovery, Vapor Recovery, Waste to Energy and Vapor Recovery Units recover valuable "waste" or vented fuels that can be used to provide fuel for an onsite power generation plant. Our waste-to-energy and waste to fuel systems significantly or entirely, reduces your facility's emissions (such as NOx , SOx, H2S, CO , CO2 and other Hazardous Air Pollutants/Greenhouse Gases) and convert these valuable emissions from an environmental problem into a new cash revenue stream and profit center.

Flare gas recovery and vapor recovery units can be located in hundreds of applications and locations. At a Wastewaster Treatment System (or Publicly Owned Treatment Works - "POTW") gases from the facility can be captured from the anaerobic digesters, and manifolded/piped to one of our onsite power generation plants, and make, essentially, "free" electricity for your facility's use. These associated "biogases" that are generated from municipally owned landfills or wastewater treatment plants have low btu content or heating values, ranging around 550-650 btu's. This makes them unsuitable for use in natural gas applications. When burned as fuel to generate electricity, however, these gases become a valuable source of "renewable" power and energy for the facility's use or resale to the electric grid.

Additionally, if heat (steam and/or hot water) is required, we will incorporate our cogeneration or trigeneration system into the project and provide some, or all, of your hot water/steam requirements. Similarly, at crude oil refineries, gas processing plants, exploration and production sites, and gasoline storage/tank farm site, we convert your facility's "waste fuel" and environmental liabilities into profitable, environmentally-friendly solutions.

Our Flare Gas Recovery and Vapor Recovery units that are designed and engineered for these specific applications. It is important to note that there are many internal combustion engines or combustion turbines that are NOT suited for these applications. Our systems are engineered precisely for your facility's application, and our engineers know the engines and turbines that will work as well as those that don't. More importantly, we are vendor and supplier neutral! Our only concerns are for the optimum system solution for your company, and we look past brand names and sales propaganda to determine the optimum system, which may incorporate either one or more; gas engine genset(s) or gas turbine genset(s), in cogeneration or trigeneration mode - in trigeneration mode, we incorporate absorption chillers to make chilled water for process or air-conditioning, fuel gas conditioning equipment and gas compressor(s).

Our turn-key systems includes design, engineering, permitting, project management, commissioning, as well as financing for our qualified customers. Additionally, we may be interested in owning and operating the flare gas recovery or vapor recovery units. For these applications, there is no investment required from the customer.

For more information, please provide us with the following information about the flare gas or vapor:

Type of gas being flared or vented (methane, bio-gas, landfill, etc.).
Chromatograph Fuel/Gas analysis which provides us with the btu's (heating value) and the composition of the gas and its' impurities such as methane (and the percentage of methane), soloxanes, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and any other hydrocarbons.
Total amount of gas available, from all sources, at the facility.

^{^{Waste Heat Recovery}
^{Many industrial processes
generate large amounts of waste energy that simply pass out of plant
stacks and into the atmosphere or are otherwise lost. Most industrial
waste heat streams are liquid, gaseous, or a combination of the two and
have temperatures from slightly above ambient to over 2000 degrees F.
Stack exhaust losses are inherent in all fuel-fired processes and increase
with the exhaust temperature and the amount of excess air the exhaust
contains. At stack gas temperatures greater than 1000 degrees F, the heat
going up the stack is likely to be the single biggest loss in the process.
Above 1800 degrees F, stack losses will consume at least half of the total
fuel input to the process. Yet, the energy that is recovered from waste
heat streams could displace part or all of the energy input needs for a
unit operation within a plant. Therefore, waste heat recovery offers a
great opportunity to productively use this energy, reducing overall plant
energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.}

Waste heat recovery methods used with industrial process heating
operations intercept the waste gases before they leave the process,
extract some of the heat they contain, and recycle that heat back to the
process.}

^{Common methods of
recovering heat include direct heat recovery to the process, recuperators/regenerators,
and waste heat boilers. Unfortunately, the economic benefits of waste heat
recovery do not justify the cost of these systems in every application.
For example, heat recovery from lower temperature waste streams (e.g., hot
water or low-temperature flue gas) is thermodynamically limited. Equipment
fouling, occurring during the handling of “dirty” waste streams, is
another barrier to more widespread use of heat recovery systems.
Innovative, affordable waste heat recovery methods that are
ultra-efficient, are applicable to low-temperature streams, or are
suitable for use with corrosive or “dirty” wastes could expand the
number of viable applications of waste heat recovery, as well as improve
the performance of existing applications.

Various Methods for Recovery of Waste Heat}

^{Low-Temperature
Waste Heat Recovery Methods – A large amount of energy in the form of
medium- to low-temperature gases or low-temperature liquids (less than
about 250 degrees F) is released from process heating equipment, and much
of this energy is wasted.

Conversion of Low Temperature Exhaust Waste Heat – making efficient use
of the low temperature waste heat generated by prime movers such as
micro-turbines, IC engines, fuel cells and other electricity producing
technologies. The energy content of the waste heat must be high enough to
be able to operate equipment found in cogeneration and trigeneration power
and energy systems such as absorption chillers, refrigeration
applications, heat amplifiers, dehumidifiers, heat pumps for hot water,
turbine inlet air cooling and other similar devices.

Conversion of Low Temperature Waste Heat into Power –The steam-Rankine
cycle is the principle method used for producing electric power from high
temperature fluid streams. For the conversion of low temperature heat into
power, the steam-Rankine cycle may be a possibility, along with other
known power cycles, such as the organic-Rankine cycle.

Small to Medium Air-Cooled Commercial Chillers – All existing commercial
chillers, whether using waste heat, steam or natural gas, are water-cooled
(i.e., they must be connected to cooling towers which evaporate water into
the atmosphere to aid in cooling). This requirement generally limits the
market to large commercial-sized units (150 tons or larger), because of
the maintenance requirements for the cooling towers. Additionally, such
units consume water for cooling, limiting their application in arid
regions of the U.S. No suitable small-to-medium size (15 tons to 200 tons)
air-cooled absorption chillers are commercially available for these U.S.
climates. A small number of prototype air-cooled absorption chillers have
been developed in Japan, but they use “hardware” technology that is
not suited to the hotter temperatures experienced in most locations in the
United States. Although developed to work with natural gas firing, these
prototype air-cooled absorption chillers would also be suited to use waste
heat as the fuel.

Low-Temperature
Waste Heat Recovery Methods – A large amount of energy in the form of
medium- to low-temperature gases or low-temperature liquids (less than
about 250 degrees F) is released from process heating equipment, and much
of this energy is wasted.

Conversion of Low Temperature Exhaust Waste Heat – making efficient use
of the low temperature waste heat generated by prime movers such as
micro-turbines, IC engines, fuel cells and other electricity producing
technologies. The energy content of the waste heat must be high enough to
be able to operate equipment found in cogeneration and trigeneration power
and energy systems such as absorption chillers, refrigeration
applications, heat amplifiers, dehumidifiers, heat pumps for hot water,
turbine inlet air cooling and other similar devices.

Conversion of Low Temperature Waste Heat into Power –The steam-Rankine
cycle is the principle method used for producing electric power from high
temperature fluid streams. For the conversion of low temperature heat into
power, the steam-Rankine cycle may be a possibility, along with other
known power cycles, such as the organic-Rankine cycle.

Small to Medium Air-Cooled Commercial Chillers – All existing commercial
chillers, whether using waste heat, steam or natural gas, are water-cooled
(i.e., they must be connected to cooling towers which evaporate water into
the atmosphere to aid in cooling). This requirement generally limits the
market to large commercial-sized units (150 tons or larger), because of
the maintenance requirements for the cooling towers. Additionally, such
units consume water for cooling, limiting their application in arid
regions of the U.S. No suitable small-to-medium size (15 tons to 200 tons)
air-cooled absorption chillers are commercially available for these U.S.
climates. A small number of prototype air-cooled absorption chillers have
been developed in Japan, but they use “hardware” technology that is
not suited to the hotter temperatures experienced in most locations in the
United States. Although developed to work with natural gas firing, these
prototype air-cooled absorption chillers would also be suited to use waste
heat as the fuel.} ^{Recovery of Waste Heat in Cogeneration and
Trigeneration Power Plants}

^{In most cogeneration and
trigeneration power and energy systems, the exhaust gas from the electric
generation equipment is ducted to a heat exchanger to recover the thermal
energy in the gas. These heat exchangers are air-to-water heat exchangers,
where the exhaust gas flows over some form of tube and fin heat exchange
surface and the heat from the exhaust gas is transferred to make hot water
or steam. The hot water or steam is then used to provide hot water or
steam heating and/or to operate thermally activated equipment, such as an absorption
chiller for cooling or a desiccant dehumidifer for dehumidification.
Many of the waste heat
recovery technologies used in building co/trigeneration systems require
hot water, some at moderate pressures of 15 to 150 psig. In the cases
where additional steam or pressurized hot water is needed, it may be
necessary to provide supplemental heat to the exhaust gas with a duct
burner.
In some applications
air-to-air heat exchangers can be used. In other instances, if the
emissions from the generation equipment are low enough, such as is with
many of the microturbine technologies, the hot exhaust gases can be mixed
with make-up air and vented directly into the heating system for building
heating.
In the majority of
installations, a flapper damper or "diverter" is employed to
vary flow across the heat transfer surfaces of the heat exchanger to
maintain a specific design temperature of the hot water or steam
generation rate.
Typical Waste
Heat Recovery Installation

In some co/trigeneration
designs, the exhaust gases can be used to activate a thermal wheel or a
desiccant dehumidifier. Thermal wheels use the exhaust gas to heat a
wheel with a medium that absorbs the heat and then transfers the heat when
the wheel is rotated into the incoming airflow.
A professional engineer should
be involved in designing and sizing of the waste heat recovery section.
For a proper and economical operation, the design of the heat recovery
section involves consideration of many related factors, such as the
thermal capacity of the exhaust gases, the exhaust flow rate, the sizing
and type of heat exchanger, and the desired parameters over a various
range of operating conditions of the co/trigeneration system — all of
which need to be considered for proper and economical operation.}

^{For more
information on Publicly Owned Treatment Works & Wastewater Treatment
Systems, Flare Gas Recovery, Vapor Recovery Units, Waste To
Fuel/Waste To Energy systems, and Waste Heat Recovery and Waste Heat
Boilers call
us at: 832-758-0027}

^{* From the Department of Energy
website with permission}